Goddesses, Gods, and Myths in Angkor

The autochthonous myths

Bakong: Naga
Bakong: Naga

Naga

The Naga or Naga King is a cobra-shaped serpent with seven heads. He is a god of the underworld and the Lord of the Earth.

Neak Ta

The Neak Ta are the spirits of ancestors. They own the places like houses, trees, villages, wats, or ancient temples.

Brahmin religion

Preah Vihear: Dancing Shiva
Preah Vihear: Dancing Shiva

Phnom Bakheng: Lingam and Yoni
Phnom Bakheng: Lingam and Yoni

Banteay Srei: Durga
Banteay Srei: Durga

Angkor Wat: Devata
Angkor Wat: Devata

In the first half of the first millennium, merchants, Brahmins and Buddhist monks from India got a foothold in the Delta of the Mekong and spread to the North. They brought with them their religion and civilization.  

Durga

“The Killer of the Buffalo Monster”, she unifies the power of all gods.

Shiva

He is regarded as the supreme god, the Lord of the World.

He marries Durga.

Then his spouse is reduced to Uma, The Favourable.

Shiva emanates as Kala, the all-devouring monster, the Absolute Time.

Lingam and Yoni

The Lingam is the symbol of Shiva.

The Yoni is a symbol of the Earth.

Vishnu

Vishnu is the Preserver of the World.

When evil is in danger of overpowering good, Vishnu incarnates as an avatar to fight the demons.

His best known avatars are Krishna and Rama.

Indra

He is the King of the Heaven and Guardian of the East, riding the three-headed elephant Airavan.

Devata

Devata are goddesses. From the 9th century on, their reliefs embellish Angkorian temples.

Apsara

Apsara are nymphs, created for the amusement of the gods.

Buddhism in Angkor

Neak Pean: Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara
Neak Pean: Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara

Buddhism was spread in Angkor contemporary with the Brahmin religion.

 

The Theravada Buddhism is focused on the teachings of The Buddha.

Theravada Buddhism became state religion in Kampuchea in 15th or 16th century.

 

Mahayana Buddhism in addition venerates the Bodhisattvas.

Mahayana Buddhism was state religion in Angkor from late 12th century to mid 13th century.